How to Read a Tape or Bar Model for Addition and Subtraction With Your Child

A tape or bar model is a drawing that makes a math relationship visible. It is not a secret algorithm or a one-size-fits-all way to solve word problems.

Read the labels before calculating

Ask what the full bar represents, which parts have numbers, and which part is missing or being compared. Quantities and labels should lead the child’s choice of equation.

Use the right structure

Put-together models show two parts making one whole. Missing-part models show a whole and one known part. Comparison models show two related amounts. A bar model reveals structure; it does not pick an operation by itself.

Keep the child explaining

Ask the child to tell the story of the bars, then use a sketch, counters, or a number bond to check. If a class-specific drawing is unclear, use the teacher’s example or ask for clarification.

Parent guide to number bonds, make ten, and bar models · Explain number bonds